如何在 Golang 追加切片?
在 Go 语言中切片比一个数组更强大、灵活、方便,是一个轻量级的数据结构。切片是存储相似类型元素的可变长度序列,不允许在同一切片中存储不同类型的元素。它就像一个有索引值和长度的数组,但是切片的大小被调整,它们不像数组那样是固定大小的。 我们已经知道切片是动态的,所以可以借助 append()函数将新元素追加到切片中。该函数在切片的末尾追加新元素。
语法:
func append(s []T, x ...T) []T
在这里,这个函数取 s 切片和 x…T 意味着这个函数为 x 参数取可变数量的参数。这种类型的函数也被称为变量函数。
如果切片由数组支持,数组是固定长度的,那么切片怎么可能是动态长度呢?。T3】
答案是,当新元素附加到切片时,会创建一个新数组。现在,现有数组中的元素被复制到新数组中,并返回对该数组(新数组)的新切片引用。因此,由于这个原因,切片的容量将是旧容量的两倍(如示例 1 所示)。但是如果现有的切片有足够的容量来容纳新的元素,那么就不会创建新的数组,元素会存储在现有的底层数组中(如示例 2 所示)。
例 1:
// Go program to illustrate the
// concept of appending slices.
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// Creating and initializing slice
// Using shorthand declaration
s1 := []int{234, 567, 7890, 1234, 234}
s2 := []string{"Geeks", "For", "Geeks"}
// Displaying slices with
// their length and capacity
fmt.Println("Slice_1: ", s1)
fmt.Println("Length of Slice_1: ", len(s1))
fmt.Println("Capacity of Slice_1: ", cap(s1))
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("Slice_2: ", s2)
fmt.Println("Length of Slice_2: ", len(s2))
fmt.Println("Capacity of Slice_2: ", cap(s2))
// Appending slices
// Using append() function
res1 := append(s1, 1000)
res2 := append(s2, "GFG")
// Displaying results
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("New slice_1: ", res1)
fmt.Println("New length of slice_1: ", len(res1))
fmt.Println("New capacity of slice_1: ", cap(res1))
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("New slice_2: ", res2)
fmt.Println("New length of slice_2: ", len(res2))
fmt.Println("New capacity of slice_2: ", cap(res2))
}
输出:
Slice_1: [234 567 7890 1234 234]
Length of Slice_1: 5
Capacity of Slice_1: 5
Slice_2: [Geeks For Geeks]
Length of Slice_2: 3
Capacity of Slice_2: 3
New slice_1: [234 567 7890 1234 234 1000]
New length of slice_1: 6
New capacity of slice_1: 12
New slice_2: [Geeks For Geeks GFG]
New length of slice_2: 4
New capacity of slice_2: 6
例 2:
// Go program to illustrate the
// concept of appending slices.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Creating and initializing slice
// Using make() function
// Here 4 and 6 is the length
// and capacity of the slice
s1 := make([]int, 4, 6)
// Copying the elements in the slice
// Using copy() function
copy(s1, []int{123, 456, 789, 977})
// Displaying slice
fmt.Println("Slice : ", s1)
fmt.Println("Length: ", len(s1))
fmt.Println("Capacity: ", cap(s1))
// Appending slice
// Using append() function
s2 := append(s1, 3454, 678)
// Displaying slice
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("Slice : ", s2)
fmt.Println("Length: ", len(s2))
fmt.Println("Capacity: ", cap(s2))
}
输出:
Slice : [123 456 789 977]
Length: 4
Capacity: 6
Slice : [123 456 789 977 3454 678]
Length: 6
Capacity: 6
追加到零切片:我们知道,零值切片类型是零,这种类型切片的容量和长度是 0。但是在 append 函数的帮助下,可以将值追加到 nil 切片中。
示例:
// Go program to illustrate the
// concept of appending to nil slice.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Creating nil slice
var s1 []int
// Displaying slice
fmt.Println("Slice : ", s1)
fmt.Println("Length: ", len(s1))
fmt.Println("Capacity: ", cap(s1))
// Appending to nil slice
// Using append() function
s2 := append(s1, 89, 45, 67, 23)
// Displaying slice
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("Slice : ", s2)
fmt.Println("Length: ", len(s2))
fmt.Println("Capacity: ", cap(s2))
}
输出:
Slice : []
Length: 0
Capacity: 0
Slice : [89 45 67 23]
Length: 4
Capacity: 4
使用…运算符追加到另一个切片:您可以在 … 运算符的帮助下将一个切片追加到另一个切片。
示例:
// Go program to illustrate the concept
// of appending to another slice.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Creating and initializing slice
// Using shorthand declaration
s1 := []int{234, 567, 7890, 1234, 234}
s2 := []int{10, 100, 1000, 10000}
// Displaying slices with their
// length and capacity
fmt.Println("Slice_1: ", s1)
fmt.Println("Length of Slice_1: ", len(s1))
fmt.Println("Capacity of Slice_1: ", cap(s1))
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("Slice_2: ", s2)
fmt.Println("Length of Slice_2: ", len(s2))
fmt.Println("Capacity of Slice_2: ", cap(s2))
// Appending to another slice
// Using append() function
res1 := append(s1, s2...)
// Displaying result
fmt.Println()
fmt.Println("New slice_1: ", res1)
fmt.Println("New length of slice_1: ", len(res1))
fmt.Println("New capacity of slice_1: ", cap(res1))
}
输出:
Slice_1: [234 567 7890 1234 234]
Length of Slice_1: 5
Capacity of Slice_1: 5
Slice_2: [10 100 1000 10000]
Length of Slice_2: 4
Capacity of Slice_2: 4
New slice_1: [234 567 7890 1234 234 10 100 1000 10000]
New length of slice_1: 9
New capacity of slice_1: 12
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