c# 中的浅拷贝和深拷贝
一般来说,当我们试图将一个对象复制到另一个对象时,这两个对象将共享相同的内存地址。通常,我们使用赋值运算符,=,来复制引用,而不是对象,除非有值类型字段。这个操作符总是复制引用,而不是实际的对象。举例:假设 G1 指内存地址 5000 那么 G2 也会指 5000。因此,如果改变存储在地址 5000 的数据值,那么 G1 和 G2 将显示相同的数据。
Geeks G1 = new Geeks();
// Copy the instance using
// '=' operator
Geeks G2 = G1;
浅复制:创建新对象,然后将当前对象的值类型字段复制到新对象。但当数据为引用类型时,则仅复制引用,而不复制被引用对象本身。因此,原始对象和克隆对象是指同一个对象。当您看到浅层副本的代码和图表时,概念会更加清晰。
注:在上图中Global Rank
是值类型字段,因此它创建该字段的副本并将其存储在不同的位置,但名称(Desc)
是引用类型字段,因此它指向旧的或主内存位置。
示例:在这里,如果您要更改值类型,那么它将在 c2 和 c1 上工作,不受影响,但是在参考类型中,任何更改都将影响 c1 和 c2。
// C# program to illustrate the
// concept of Shallow Copy
using System;
class Example {
// Main Method
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Company c1 = new Company(548, "GeeksforGeeks",
"Sandeep Jain");
// Performing Shallow copy
Company c2 = (Company)c1.Shallowcopy();
Console.WriteLine("Before Changing: ");
// Before changing the value of
// c2 GBRank and CompanyName
Console.WriteLine(c1.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.desc.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine(c1.desc.CompanyName);
// changing the value of c2 GBRank
// and CompanyName
c2.GBRank = 59;
c2.desc.CompanyName = "GFG";
Console.WriteLine("\nAfter Changing: ");
// After changing the value of
// c2 GBRank and CompanyName
Console.WriteLine(c1.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.desc.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine(c1.desc.CompanyName);
}
}
class Company
{
public int GBRank;
public CompanyDescription desc;
public Company(int gbRank, string c,
string o)
{
this.GBRank = gbRank;
desc = new CompanyDescription(c, o);
}
// method for cloning object
public object Shallowcopy()
{
return this.MemberwiseClone();
}
// method for cloning object
public Company DeepCopy()
{
Company deepcopyCompany = new Company(this.GBRank,
desc.CompanyName, desc.Owner);
return deepcopyCompany;
}
}
class CompanyDescription
{
public string CompanyName;
public string Owner;
public CompanyDescription(string c, string o)
{
this.CompanyName = c;
this.Owner = o;
}
}
Output:
Before Changing:
548
548
GeeksforGeeks
GeeksforGeeks
After Changing:
548
59
GFG
GFG
深度复制:是创建一个新对象,然后将当前对象的字段复制到新创建的对象中,以制作内部引用类型的完整副本的过程。如果指定的字段是值类型,则将执行该字段的逐位复制。如果指定的字段是引用类型,则执行引用对象的新副本。
注意:在上图中The Global Rank
是值类型字段,因此它会创建该字段的副本并将其存储在不同的位置。名称(Desc
)是引用类型字段,因此在深度拷贝中有一个引用类型字段的克隆,它也将存储在不同的位置。
例:这里字段类型不管是值类型还是引用类型。深度复制会复制整个数据,并将其存储在不同的内存位置,因此如果我们更改 c2,c1 也不会受到影响,反之亦然。
// C# program to demonstrate the
// concept of Deep copy
using System;
namespace ShallowVSDeepCopy {
class Program {
// Main Method
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Company c1 = new Company(548, "GeeksforGeeks",
"Sandeep Jain");
// Performing Deep copy
Company c2 = (Company)c1.DeepCopy();
Console.WriteLine("Before Changing: ");
// Before changing the value of
// c2 GBRank and CompanyName
Console.WriteLine(c1.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.desc.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine(c1.desc.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine("\nAfter Changing: ");
// changing the value of c2
// GBRank and CompanyName
c2.GBRank = 59;
c2.desc.CompanyName = "GFG";
// After changing the value of
// c2 GBRank and CompanyName
Console.WriteLine(c1.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.GBRank);
Console.WriteLine(c2.desc.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine(c1.desc.CompanyName);
}
}
class Company {
public int GBRank;
public CompanyDescription desc;
public Company(int gbRank, string c,
string o)
{
this.GBRank = gbRank;
desc = new CompanyDescription(c, o);
}
// method for cloning object
public object Shallowcopy()
{
return this.MemberwiseClone();
}
// method for cloning object
public Company DeepCopy()
{
Company deepcopyCompany = new Company(this.GBRank,
desc.CompanyName, desc.Owner);
return deepcopyCompany;
}
}
class CompanyDescription {
public string CompanyName;
public string Owner;
public CompanyDescription(string c,
string o)
{
this.CompanyName = c;
this.Owner = o;
}
}
}
Output:
Before Changing:
548
548
GeeksforGeeks
GeeksforGeeks
After Changing:
548
59
GFG
GeeksforGeeks
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