旋转矩阵元素的 Java 程序
矩阵只是一个二维数组。因此,目标是处理存在元素的固定索引,并对索引执行操作,以便寻址的上的元素应该以随着矩阵旋转而观察的方式交换。这里我们将讨论处理指数的两种方法
- 使用天真的方法
- 使用最佳方法
方法 1: 使用朴素方法
对于给定的矩阵,任务是顺时针旋转其元素。
插图:
For 4*4 matrix
Input:
7 8 9
10 11 12
2 3 4
Output:
10 7 8
2 11 9
3 4 12
For 4*4 matrix
Input:
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19
Output:
8 4 5 6
12 13 9 7
16 14 10 11
17 18 19 15
进场:
这里,我们将使用循环以螺旋形式打印元素。其中,我们将从最外面的一个开始,逐个旋转元素的所有环。为了旋转环,我们需要做以下工作:
- 移动顶行的元素,
- 移动最后一列的元素,
- 移动底部行的元素,并
- 移动第一列的元素。
此外,如果有内环,重复上述步骤。
示例:
Java 语言(一种计算机语言,尤用于创建网站)
// Java Program to Rotate Matrix Elements
// Importing classes from java.lang package
import java.lang.*;
// Importing classes from java.util package
import java.util.*;
// main Class
class GFG {
static int r = 4;
static int c = 4;
// Method
// To rotate a matrix of
// dimension r x c. And initially,
// p = r and q = c
static void rotate_matrix(int p, int q, int matrix[][])
{
int rw = 0, cl = 0;
int previous, current;
// rw is the Staring row index
// p is the ending row index
// cl is the starting column index
// q is the ending column index and
// x is the iterator
while (rw < p && cl < q) {
if (rw + 1 == p || cl + 1 == q)
break;
// After storing the first element of the
// next row, this element will substitute
// the first element of the current row
previous = matrix[rw + 1][cl];
// Moving the elements of the first row
// from rest of the rows
for (int x = cl; x < q; x++) {
current = matrix[rw][x];
matrix[rw][x] = previous;
previous = current;
}
rw++;
// Moving the elements of the last column
// from rest of the columns
for (int x = rw; x < p; x++) {
current = matrix[x][q - 1];
matrix[x][q - 1] = previous;
previous = current;
}
q--;
// Moving the elements of the last row
// from rest of the rows
if (rw < p) {
for (int x = q - 1; x >= cl; x--) {
current = matrix[p - 1][x];
matrix[p - 1][x] = previous;
previous = current;
}
}
p--;
// Moving elements of the first column
// from rest of the rows
if (cl < q) {
for (int x = p - 1; x >= rw; x--) {
current = matrix[x][cl];
matrix[x][cl] = previous;
previous = current;
}
}
cl++;
}
// Prints the rotated matrix
for (int x = 0; x < r; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < c; y++)
System.out.print(matrix[x][y] + " ");
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
// Method 2
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Custom input array
int b[][] = { { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
{ 1, 2, 3, 4 },
{ 0, 15, 6, 5 },
{ 3, 1, 2, 12 } };
// Calling function(Method1) to rotate matrix
rotate_matrix(r, c, b);
}
}
Output
1 5 6 7
0 15 2 8
3 6 3 4
1 2 12 5
方法 2: 采用最优方法
对于给定的 M×N 大小的矩阵,我们需要将矩阵元素向右旋转 k 次。其中 k 是一个数字。
进场:
最佳方法是将所述矩阵的每一行观察为一个数组,然后执行数组旋转。这是通过利用临时数组将矩阵的元素从给定的数字 k 复制到数组的末尾到数组的开始来实现的。然后剩下的元素从开始到( k -1)到结束一个数组。
插图:
Input : M = 3, N = 3, k = 2
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Output : 2 3 1
5 6 4
8 9 7
Input : M = 2, N = 2, k = 2
11 12
13 14
Output : 11 12
13 14
示例:
Java 语言(一种计算机语言,尤用于创建网站)
// Java Program to Rotate Matrix to Right Side by K Times
// Main Class
public class GFG {
// Dimension of the matrix
// Initializing to custom values
static final int P = 3;
static final int Q = 3;
// Method 1
// To rotate the stated matrix by K times
static void rotate_Matrix(int mat[][], int K)
{
// Using temporary array of dimension P
int tempo[] = new int[P];
// Rotating matrix by k times across the size of
// matrix
K = K % P;
for (int j = 0; j < Q; j++) {
// Copying first P-K elements
// to the temporary array
for (int l = 0; l < P - K; l++)
tempo[l] = mat[j][l];
// Copying the elements of the matrix
// from K to the end to the starting
for (int x = P - K; x < P; x++)
mat[j][x - P + K] = mat[j][x];
// Copying the elements of the matrix
// from the temporary array to end
for (int x = K; x < P; x++)
mat[j][x] = tempo[x - K];
}
}
// Method 2
// To show the resultant matrix
static void show_Matrix(int mat[][])
{
for (int j = 0; j < Q; j++) {
for (int x = 0; x < P; x++)
System.out.print(mat[j][x] + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
// Method 3
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Custom input array
int mat[][]
= { { 1, 2, 5 }, { 3, 4, 6 }, { 8, 10, 9 } };
// Custom value of K
int K = 2;
// Calling the above created method for
// rotating matrix by k times
rotate_Matrix(mat, K);
// Calling the above method for
// displaying rotated matrix
show_Matrix(mat);
}
}
Output
2 5 1
4 6 3
10 9 8
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