在 Python 中实现联系人目录
原文:https://www . geesforgeks . org/impering-a-contacts-directory-in-python/
我们的任务是实现一个智能手机目录，收集用户的联系数据，直到用户提示程序。联系人数据是指联系人的姓名、电话号码、出生日期、联系人所属的类别(朋友、家人、工作、其他)、电子邮件地址。用户可以在提到的数据标签中输入尽可能多的数据。如果某些标签仍然没有数据，请将其存储为无。姓名和号码是创建联系人的必备条件。对目录执行以下操作:插入、删除、搜索、显示。
方法: 我们使用了 2D 列表的概念，并在 Python3 中实现了同样的概念。本代码共使用 8 个功能，即:
- initial_phonebook() : 第一个要运行的功能，它初始化 phonebook。
- 菜单():显示用户可用的选项，并返回输入的选项。
- add_contact() : 它将新联系人添加到联系人目录中。
- remove_existing() : 它从联系人目录中删除一个现有联系人。
- delete_all() : 它从联系人目录中删除所有联系人。
- display_all() : 显示联系人目录中的所有联系人。
- search_existing() : 它将在联系人目录中搜索并显示一个现有联系人。
- 谢谢():
保持用户体验和用户界面，我们使代码变得简单、可读和交互。您可以选择也可以不选择下面描述的所有功能。请检查代码解决方案。
请尝试在您的 Python IDLE 上运行此代码，因为如果您在此处运行需要用户输入，可能会出现一些错误。您也可以在 GFG 打开 IDE 页面并在那里运行您的代码，而不是直接从代码片段运行。
Python 3
# importing the module
import sys
# this function will be the first to run as soon as the main function executes
def initial_phonebook():
rows, cols = int(input("Please enter initial number of contacts: ")), 5
# We are collecting the initial number of contacts the user wants to have in the
# phonebook already. User may also enter 0 if he doesn't wish to enter any.
phone_book = []
print(phone_book)
for i in range(rows):
print("\nEnter contact %d details in the following order (ONLY):" % (i+1))
print("NOTE: * indicates mandatory fields")
print("....................................................................")
temp = []
for j in range(cols):
# We have taken the conditions for values of j only for the personalized fields
# such as name, number, e-mail id, dob, category etc
if j == 0:
temp.append(str(input("Enter name*: ")))
# We need to check if the user has left the name empty as its mentioned that
# name & number are mandatory fields.
# So implement a condition to check as below.
if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
sys.exit(
"Name is a mandatory field. Process exiting due to blank field...")
# This will exit the process if a blank field is encountered.
if j == 1:
temp.append(int(input("Enter number*: ")))
# We do not need to check if user has entered the number because int automatically
# takes care of it. Int value cannot accept a blank as that counts as a string.
# So process automatically exits without us using the sys package.
if j == 2:
temp.append(str(input("Enter e-mail address: ")))
# Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
temp[j] = None
if j == 3:
temp.append(str(input("Enter date of birth(dd/mm/yy): ")))
# Whatever format the user enters dob in, it won't make a difference to the compiler
# Only while searching the user will have to enter query exactly the same way as
# he entered during the input so as to ensure accurate searches
if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
# Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
temp[j] = None
if j == 4:
temp.append(
str(input("Enter category(Family/Friends/Work/Others): ")))
# Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
if temp[j] == "" or temp[j] == ' ':
temp[j] = None
phone_book.append(temp)
# By this step we are appending a list temp into a list phone_book
# That means phone_book is a 2-D array and temp is a 1-D array
print(phone_book)
return phone_book
def menu():
# We created this simple menu function for
# code reusability & also for an interactive console
# Menu func will only execute when called
print("********************************************************************")
print("\t\t\tSMARTPHONE DIRECTORY", flush=False)
print("********************************************************************")
print("\tYou can now perform the following operations on this phonebook\n")
print("1\. Add a new contact")
print("2\. Remove an existing contact")
print("3\. Delete all contacts")
print("4\. Search for a contact")
print("5\. Display all contacts")
print("6\. Exit phonebook")
# Out of the provided 6 choices, user needs to enter any 1 choice among the 6
# We return the entered choice to the calling function wiz main in our case
choice = int(input("Please enter your choice: "))
return choice
def add_contact(pb):
# Adding a contact is the easiest because all you need to do is:
# append another list of details into the already existing list
dip = []
for i in range(len(pb[0])):
if i == 0:
dip.append(str(input("Enter name: ")))
if i == 1:
dip.append(int(input("Enter number: ")))
if i == 2:
dip.append(str(input("Enter e-mail address: ")))
if i == 3:
dip.append(str(input("Enter date of birth(dd/mm/yy): ")))
if i == 4:
dip.append(
str(input("Enter category(Family/Friends/Work/Others): ")))
pb.append(dip)
# And once you modify the list, you return it to the calling function wiz main, here.
return pb
def remove_existing(pb):
# This function is to remove a contact's details from existing phonebook
query = str(
input("Please enter the name of the contact you wish to remove: "))
# We'll collect name of the contact and search if it exists in our phonebook
temp = 0
# temp is a checking variable here. We assigned a value 0 to temp.
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][0]:
temp += 1
# Temp will be incremented & it won't be 0 anymore in this function's scope
print(pb.pop(i))
# The pop function removes entry at index i
print("This query has now been removed")
# printing a confirmation message after removal.
# This ensures that removal was successful.
# After removal we will return the modified phonebook to the calling function
# which is main in our program
return pb
if temp == 0:
# Now if at all any case matches temp should've incremented but if otherwise,
# temp will remain 0 and that means the query does not exist in this phonebook
print("Sorry, you have entered an invalid query.\
Please recheck and try again later.")
return pb
def delete_all(pb):
# This function will simply delete all the entries in the phonebook pb
# It will return an empty phonebook after clearing
return pb.clear()
def search_existing(pb):
# This function searches for an existing contact and displays the result
choice = int(input("Enter search criteria\n\n\
1\. Name\n2\. Number\n3\. Email-id\n4\. DOB\n5\. Category(Family/Friends/Work/Others)\
\nPlease enter: "))
# We're doing so just to ensure that the user experiences a customized search result
temp = []
check = -1
if choice == 1:
# This will execute for searches based on contact name
query = str(
input("Please enter the name of the contact you wish to search: "))
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][0]:
check = i
temp.append(pb[i])
elif choice == 2:
# This will execute for searches based on contact number
query = int(
input("Please enter the number of the contact you wish to search: "))
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][1]:
check = i
temp.append(pb[i])
elif choice == 3:
# This will execute for searches based on contact's e-mail address
query = str(input("Please enter the e-mail ID\
of the contact you wish to search: "))
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][2]:
check = i
temp.append(pb[i])
elif choice == 4:
# This will execute for searches based on contact''s date of birth
query = str(input("Please enter the DOB (in dd/mm/yyyy format ONLY)\
of the contact you wish to search: "))
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][3]:
check = i
temp.append(pb[i])
elif choice == 5:
# This will execute for searches based on contact category
query = str(
input("Please enter the category of the contact you wish to search: "))
for i in range(len(pb)):
if query == pb[i][4]:
check = i
temp.append(pb[i])
# All contacts under query category will be shown using this feature
else:
# If the user enters any other choice then the search will be unsuccessful
print("Invalid search criteria")
return -1
# returning -1 indicates that the search was unsuccessful
# all the searches are stored in temp and all the results will be displayed with
# the help of display function
if check == -1:
return -1
# returning -1 indicates that the query did not exist in the directory
else:
display_all(temp)
return check
# we're just returning a index value wiz not -1 to calling function just to notify
# that the search worked successfully
# this function displays all content of phonebook pb
def display_all(pb):
if not pb:
# if display function is called after deleting all contacts then the len will be 0
# And then without this condition it will throw an error
print("List is empty: []")
else:
for i in range(len(pb)):
print(pb[i])
def thanks():
# A simple gesture of courtesy towards the user to enhance user experience
print("********************************************************************")
print("Thank you for using our Smartphone directory system.")
print("Please visit again!")
print("********************************************************************")
sys.exit("Goodbye, have a nice day ahead!")
# Main function code
print("....................................................................")
print("Hello dear user, welcome to our smartphone directory system")
print("You may now proceed to explore this directory")
print("....................................................................")
# This is solely meant for decoration purpose only.
# You're free to modify your interface as per your will to make it look interactive
ch = 1
pb = initial_phonebook()
while ch in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):
ch = menu()
if ch == 1:
pb = add_contact(pb)
elif ch == 2:
pb = remove_existing(pb)
elif ch == 3:
pb = delete_all(pb)
elif ch == 4:
d = search_existing(pb)
if d == -1:
print("The contact does not exist. Please try again")
elif ch == 5:
display_all(pb)
else:
thanks()
输出:我们将逐段看到这个程序的输出。 初始显示如下:
………………………………………………………….. 亲爱的用户您好，欢迎来到我们的智能手机目录系统 您现在可以开始浏览这个目录了 .. 请输入初始联系人数:
开始时，我们将输入 2 个联系人:
请输入初始联系人数:2 [] 按以下顺序输入联系 1 详情(仅限): 注:表示必填字段 ……………………………………………………………….. 输入姓名:极客 输入号码:99999999999 输入电子邮件地址:gfg@gfg.com 输入出生日期(dd/mm/yy): 01/01/01 输入类别(家人/朋友/工作/其他):工作 按以下顺序输入联系人 2 的详细信息(仅限): 注:表示必填字段 …………………………………………………….. 输入姓名:样本 输入号码: 1234567890 输入电子邮件地址: 输入出生日期(dd/mm/yy): 输入类别(家人/朋友/工作/其他人): [' Geeks '，9999999999999，' gfg@gfg.com '，' 01/01 '，' Work']，['Sample '，1234567890，添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
现在添加新联系人，根据菜单我们会按 1 :
请输入您的选择:1 输入姓名:紧急情况 输入号码:108 输入电子邮件地址: 输入出生日期(dd/mm/yy): 输入类别(家人/朋友/工作/其他): * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *现在可以执行以下操作 添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
按 5 : 可以看到所有的联系人
请输入您的选择:5 ['Geeks '，9999999999，' gfg@gfg.com '，' 01/01/01 '，' Work'] ['Sample '，1234567890，None，None，None] ['Emergency '，108，"，"，"，"] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T4 智能手机目录 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
要删除联系人，我们必须输入 2 :
请输入您的选择:2 请输入您要删除的联系人的姓名:示例 ['示例'，1234567890，无，无，无] 该查询现已被删除 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 您现在可以对该电话簿 执行以下操作添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
要搜索联系人，我们必须按 4 :
请输入您的选择:4 输入搜索条件 1。名称 2。编号 3。邮箱号 4。DOB 5。类别(家人/朋友/工作/其他) 请输入:2 请输入您希望搜索的联系人的号码:9999999999 ['Geeks '，9999999999999，' gfg@gfg.com '，' 01/01/01 '，' Work ']
智能手机目录 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
我们可以通过按 3 : 删除所有联系人
请输入您的选择:3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 智能手机目录 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 您现在可以在此电话簿 1 上执行以下操作。添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
要查看所有联系人，请按 5，因为我们刚刚删除了他们，所以不会显示任何内容:
请输入您的选择:5 列表为空:[] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T2【智能手机目录】 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 现在您可以对本电话本 1 执行以下操作。添加新联系人 2。移除现有触点 3。删除所有联系人 4。搜索联系人 5。显示所有触点 6。退出电话簿 请输入您的选择:
要退出程序，请输入 6 :
请输入您的选择:6 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 感谢您使用我们的智能手机目录系统。 请再次光临！ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T4】
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