实施井字游戏
原文:https://www . geeksforgeeks . org/implementation-of-TIC-tac-toe-game/
游戏规则
- 游戏将在两个人之间进行(在这个程序中是人类和计算机之间)。
- 其中一个玩家选择“O”，另一个选择“X”来标记他们各自的细胞。
- 游戏从其中一个玩家开始，当其中一个玩家有一整行/一列/一条对角线填充了他/她各自的角色(“O”或“X”)时，游戏结束。
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If no one wins, then the game is said to be draw.
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Implementation
In our program the moves taken by the computer and the human are chosen randomly. We use rand() function for this.程序中还能做什么？ 由于招式是随机选择的，双方都没有最佳发挥。该程序可以很容易地修改，使双方球员发挥最佳(这将属于人工智能的范畴)。也可以修改程序，使用户自己给出输入(使用 scanf()或 cin)。 以上改动留给读者做练习。
获胜策略——一个有趣的事实 如果双方都打得很好，那么你注定永远不会输(“尽管比赛仍然可以平局”)。打第一还是第二不重要。从另一个角度来说——“两个专家玩家总是会打平”。 这不是很有意思吗？
``` // A C++ Program to play tic-tac-toe
include
using namespace std;
define COMPUTER 1
define HUMAN 2
define SIDE 3 // Length of the board
// Computer will move with 'O' // and human with 'X'
define COMPUTERMOVE 'O'
define HUMANMOVE 'X'
// A function to show the current board status void showBoard(char board[][SIDE]) { printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n", board[0][0], board[0][1], board[0][2]); printf("\t\t\t--------------\n"); printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n", board[1][0], board[1][1], board[1][2]); printf("\t\t\t--------------\n"); printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n\n", board[2][0], board[2][1], board[2][2]);
return; }
// A function to show the instructions void showInstructions() { printf("\t\t\t Tic-Tac-Toe\n\n"); printf("Choose a cell numbered from 1 to 9 as below" " and play\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t 1 | 2 | 3 \n"); printf("\t\t\t--------------\n"); printf("\t\t\t 4 | 5 | 6 \n"); printf("\t\t\t--------------\n"); printf("\t\t\t 7 | 8 | 9 \n\n");
printf("-\t-\t-\t-\t-\t-\t-\t-\t-\t-\n\n");
return; }
// A function to initialise the game void initialise(char board[][SIDE], int moves[]) { // Initiate the random number generator so that // the same configuration doesn't arises srand(time(NULL));
// Initially the board is empty for (int i=0; i<SIDE; i++) { for (int j=0; j<SIDE; j++) board[i][j] = ' '; }
// Fill the moves with numbers for (int i=0; i<SIDE*SIDE; i++) moves[i] = i;
// randomise the moves random_shuffle(moves, moves + SIDE*SIDE);
return; }
// A function to declare the winner of the game void declareWinner(int whoseTurn) { if (whoseTurn == COMPUTER) printf("COMPUTER has won\n"); else printf("HUMAN has won\n"); return; }
// A function that returns true if any of the row // is crossed with the same player's move bool rowCrossed(char board[][SIDE]) { for (int i=0; i<SIDE; i++) { if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ') return (true); } return(false); }
// A function that returns true if any of the column // is crossed with the same player's move bool columnCrossed(char board[][SIDE]) { for (int i=0; i<SIDE; i++) { if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ') return (true); } return(false); }
// A function that returns true if any of the diagonal // is crossed with the same player's move bool diagonalCrossed(char board[][SIDE]) { if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] != ' ') return(true);
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] != ' ') return(true);
return(false); }
// A function that returns true if the game is over // else it returns a false bool gameOver(char board[][SIDE]) { return(rowCrossed(board) || columnCrossed(board) || diagonalCrossed(board) ); }
// A function to play Tic-Tac-Toe void playTicTacToe(int whoseTurn) { // A 3*3 Tic-Tac-Toe board for playing char board[SIDE][SIDE];
int moves[SIDE*SIDE];
// Initialise the game initialise(board, moves);
// Show the instructions before playing showInstructions();
int moveIndex = 0, x, y;
// Keep playing till the game is over or it is a draw while (gameOver(board) == false && moveIndex != SIDE*SIDE) { if (whoseTurn == COMPUTER) { x = moves[moveIndex] / SIDE; y = moves[moveIndex] % SIDE; board[x][y] = COMPUTERMOVE; printf("COMPUTER has put a %c in cell %d\n", COMPUTERMOVE, moves[moveIndex]+1); showBoard(board); moveIndex ++; whoseTurn = HUMAN; }
else if (whoseTurn == HUMAN) { x = moves[moveIndex] / SIDE; y = moves[moveIndex] % SIDE; board[x][y] = HUMANMOVE; printf ("HUMAN has put a %c in cell %d\n", HUMANMOVE, moves[moveIndex]+1); showBoard(board); moveIndex ++; whoseTurn = COMPUTER; } }
// If the game has drawn if (gameOver(board) == false && moveIndex == SIDE * SIDE) printf("It's a draw\n"); else { // Toggling the user to declare the actual // winner if (whoseTurn == COMPUTER) whoseTurn = HUMAN; else if (whoseTurn == HUMAN) whoseTurn = COMPUTER;
// Declare the winner declareWinner(whoseTurn); } return; }
// Driver program int main() { // Let us play the game with COMPUTER starting first playTicTacToe(COMPUTER);
return (0); } ```
输出:
``` Tic-Tac-Toe
Choose a cell numbered from 1 to 9 as below and play
1 | 2 | 3 -------------- 4 | 5 | 6 -------------- 7 | 8 | 9-
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-
-
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- -
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COMPUTER has put a O in cell 6
| | -------------- | | O -------------- | |HUMAN has put a X in cell 7
| | -------------- | | O -------------- X | |COMPUTER has put a O in cell 5
| | -------------- | O | O -------------- X | |HUMAN has put a X in cell 1
X | | -------------- | O | O -------------- X | |COMPUTER has put a O in cell 9
X | | -------------- | O | O -------------- X | | OHUMAN has put a X in cell 8
X | | -------------- | O | O -------------- X | X | OCOMPUTER has put a O in cell 4
X | | -------------- O | O | O -------------- X | X | OCOMPUTER has won
```
这款游戏的一个有趣的变种 如上所述，如果两个有经验的玩家在玩井字游戏，那么游戏总是会打平。 这款游戏还有另一个病毒变种——终极井字游戏，旨在让正常的井字游戏变得更有趣、更不可预测。 看一下这里的游戏- Link1 Link2
上面的文章实现了简单的井字游戏，其中移动是随机进行的。请参考下面的文章，看看如何进行最佳移动。 博弈论中的极小极大算法|集合 3(井字游戏 AI–寻找最佳移动)
关于“赢/不输”战略的精彩讨论 【Quora】 Wikihow
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Implementation
In our program the moves taken by the computer and the human are chosen randomly. We use rand() function for this.版权属于：月萌API www.moonapi.com，转载请注明出处
