使用所有相邻元素的异或值找到原始数组
给定一个序列arr[]N-1元素,它是一个数组中所有相邻对的异或,任务是从 arr[] 中找到原始的数组。 注:给出 N 总是奇数,arr[]包含 N 个自然数的排列。 举例:
输入: arr[] = {3,1} 输出: 1 2 3 解释: 输出数组的 XOR 将导致给定数组即: 1 ^ 2 = 3 2 ^ 3 = 1 输入: arr[] = {7,5,3, 7} 输出: 3 4 1 2 5 解释: 输出数组的异或将导致给定的数组,即: 3 ^ 4 = 7 4 ^ 1 = 5 1 ^ 2 = 3 2 ^ 5 = 7
进场:
- 其思想是找到 1 到 N 的所有元素的异或和给定数组的相邻元素的异或,以找到期望数组的最后一个元素。
- 由于相邻元素的异或运算将包含除最后一个元素之外的所有元素,因此用从 1 到 N 的所有数字进行异或运算将得到预期置换的最后一个元素。 例如:
Let's the expected array be - {a, b, c, d, e}
Then the XOR array for this array will be -
{a^b, b^c, c^d, d^e}
Now XOR of all the element from 1 to N -
xor_all => a ^ b ^ c ^ d ^ e
XOR of the adjacent elements -
xor_adjacent => ((a ^ b) ^ (c ^ d))
Now the XOR of the both the array will be the
last element of the expected permutation
=> (a ^ b ^ c ^ d ^ e) ^ ((a ^ b) ^ (c ^ d))
=> As all elements are in pair except the last element.
=> (a ^ a ^ b ^ b ^ c ^ c ^ d ^ d ^ e)
=> (0 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ e)
=> e
- 现在对于元素的其余部分,连续地,对最后一个元素进行异或运算,我们将得到最后一个第二个元素,即 d 。
- 反复更新最后一个元素,最后得到第一个元素,即 a 。
以下是上述方法的实现:
C++
// C++ implementation to find the
// Array from the XOR array
// of the adjacent elements of array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// XOR of all elements from 1 to N
int xor_all_elements(int n)
{
switch (n & 3) {
case 0:
return n;
case 1:
return 1;
case 2:
return n + 1;
case 3:
return 0;
}
}
// Function to find the Array
// from the XOR Array
vector<int> findArray(int xorr[], int n)
{
// Take a vector to store
// the permutation
vector<int> arr;
// XOR of N natural numbers
int xor_all = xor_all_elements(n);
int xor_adjacent = 0;
// Loop to find the XOR of
// adjacent elements of the XOR Array
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
xor_adjacent = xor_adjacent ^ xorr[i];
}
int last_element = xor_all ^ xor_adjacent;
arr.push_back(last_element);
// Loop to find the other
// elements of the permutation
for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
// Finding the next and next elements
last_element = xorr[i] ^ last_element;
arr.push_back(last_element);
}
return arr;
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
vector<int> arr;
int xorr[] = { 7, 5, 3, 7 };
int n = 5;
arr = findArray(xorr, n);
// Required Permutation
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
}
Java 语言(一种计算机语言,尤用于创建网站)
// Java implementation to find the
// Array from the XOR array
// of the adjacent elements of array
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
// XOR of all elements from 1 to N
static int xor_all_elements(int n)
{
switch (n & 3) {
case 0:
return n;
case 1:
return 1;
case 2:
return n + 1;
}
return 0;
}
// Function to find the Array
// from the XOR Array
static Vector<Integer> findArray(int xorr[], int n)
{
// Take a vector to store
// the permutation
Vector<Integer> arr = new Vector<Integer>();
// XOR of N natural numbers
int xor_all = xor_all_elements(n);
int xor_adjacent = 0;
// Loop to find the XOR of
// adjacent elements of the XOR Array
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
xor_adjacent = xor_adjacent ^ xorr[i];
}
int last_element = xor_all ^ xor_adjacent;
arr.add(last_element);
// Loop to find the other
// elements of the permutation
for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
// Finding the next and next elements
last_element = xorr[i] ^ last_element;
arr.add(last_element);
}
return arr;
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Vector<Integer> arr = new Vector<Integer>();
int xorr[] = { 7, 5, 3, 7 };
int n = 5;
arr = findArray(xorr, n);
// Required Permutation
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
System.out.print(arr.get(i)+ " ");
}
}
}
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992
Python 3
# Python3 implementation to find the
# Array from the XOR array
# of the adjacent elements of array
# XOR of all elements from 1 to N
def xor_all_elements(n):
if n & 3 == 0:
return n
elif n & 3 == 1:
return 1
elif n & 3 == 2:
return n + 1
else:
return 0
# Function to find the Array
# from the XOR Array
def findArray(xorr, n):
# Take a vector to store
# the permutation
arr = []
# XOR of N natural numbers
xor_all = xor_all_elements(n)
xor_adjacent = 0
# Loop to find the XOR of
# adjacent elements of the XOR Array
for i in range(0, n - 1, 2):
xor_adjacent = xor_adjacent ^ xorr[i]
last_element = xor_all ^ xor_adjacent
arr.append(last_element)
# Loop to find the other
# elements of the permutation
for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):
# Finding the next and next elements
last_element = xorr[i] ^ last_element
arr.append(last_element)
return arr
# Driver Code
xorr = [7, 5, 3, 7]
n = 5
arr = findArray(xorr, n)
# Required Permutation
for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
print(arr[i], end=" ")
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29
C
// C# implementation to find the
// Array from the XOR array
// of the adjacent elements of array
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG{
// XOR of all elements from 1 to N
static int xor_all_elements(int n)
{
switch (n & 3) {
case 0:
return n;
case 1:
return 1;
case 2:
return n + 1;
}
return 0;
}
// Function to find the Array
// from the XOR Array
static List<int> findArray(int []xorr, int n)
{
// Take a vector to store
// the permutation
List<int> arr = new List<int>();
// XOR of N natural numbers
int xor_all = xor_all_elements(n);
int xor_adjacent = 0;
// Loop to find the XOR of
// adjacent elements of the XOR Array
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
xor_adjacent = xor_adjacent ^ xorr[i];
}
int last_element = xor_all ^ xor_adjacent;
arr.Add(last_element);
// Loop to find the other
// elements of the permutation
for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
// Finding the next and next elements
last_element = xorr[i] ^ last_element;
arr.Add(last_element);
}
return arr;
}
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
List<int> arr = new List<int>();
int []xorr = { 7, 5, 3, 7 };
int n = 5;
arr = findArray(xorr, n);
// Required Permutation
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
Console.Write(arr[i]+ " ");
}
}
}
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji
java 描述语言
<script>
// Javascript implementation to find the
// Array from the XOR array
// of the adjacent elements of array
// XOR of all elements from 1 to N
function xor_all_elements(n)
{
switch (n & 3) {
case 0:
return n;
case 1:
return 1;
case 2:
return n + 1;
case 3:
return 0;
}
}
// Function to find the Array
// from the XOR Array
function findArray(xorr, n)
{
// Take a vector to store
// the permutation
let arr = [];
// XOR of N natural numbers
let xor_all = xor_all_elements(n);
let xor_adjacent = 0;
// Loop to find the XOR of
// adjacent elements of the XOR Array
for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
xor_adjacent = xor_adjacent ^ xorr[i];
}
let last_element = xor_all ^ xor_adjacent;
arr.push(last_element);
// Loop to find the other
// elements of the permutation
for (let i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
// Finding the next and next elements
last_element = xorr[i] ^ last_element;
arr.push(last_element);
}
return arr;
}
// Driver Code
let arr = [];
let xorr = [ 7, 5, 3, 7 ];
let n = 5;
arr = findArray(xorr, n);
// Required Permutation
for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
document.write(arr[i] + " ");
}
</script>
Output:
3 4 1 2 5
业绩分析:
- 时间复杂度:在上面的方法中,我们迭代整个 xor 数组来寻找相邻元素的 XOR,那么最坏情况下的复杂度将是 O(N)
- 空间复杂度:在上面的方法中,有一个向量数组用来存储从 1 到 N 的数字的排列,那么空间复杂度将是 O(N)
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