给定子数组中小于或等于给定数字的元素数

原文: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/number-elements-less-equal-given-number-given-subarray/

给定数组a[]和查询数量q。 每个查询都可以用l, r, x表示。 您的任务是在lr表示的子数组中打印小于或等于x的元素数。

例子:

Input : arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 5}
            q = 2
            0 3 5
            0 2 2 
Output : 4
         1
Number of elements less than or equal to
5 in arr[0..3] is 4 (all elements)

Number of elements less than or equal to
2 in arr[0..2] is 1 (only 2)

朴素方法每个查询的朴素方法遍历子数组并计算给定范围内的元素数。

有效方法的想法是使用二叉索引树

请注意,在以下步骤中,x是必须根据其查找元素的数字,并且子数组由lr表示。

步骤 1:按升序对数组进行排序。

步骤 2:根据x对查询升序排序,将位数组初始化为 0。

步骤 3:从第一个查询开始,遍历数组,直到数组中的值小于等于x。 对于每个这样的元素,将位更新为等于 1 的值。

步骤 4:查询范围为lr的位数组。

// C++ program to answer queries to count number 
// of elements smaller tban or equal to x. 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 

// structure to hold queries 
struct Query 
{ 
    int l, r, x, idx; 
}; 

// structure to hold array 
struct ArrayElement 
{ 
    int val, idx; 
}; 

// bool function to sort queries according to k 
bool cmp1(Query q1, Query q2) 
{ 
    return q1.x < q2.x; 
} 

// bool function to sort array according to its value 
bool cmp2(ArrayElement x, ArrayElement y) 
{ 
    return x.val < y.val; 
} 

// updating the bit array 
void update(int bit[], int idx, int val, int n) 
{ 
    for (; idx<=n; idx +=idx&-idx) 
        bit[idx] += val; 
} 

// querying the bit array 
int query(int bit[], int idx, int n) 
{ 
    int sum = 0; 
    for (; idx > 0; idx -= idx&-idx) 
        sum += bit[idx]; 
    return sum; 
} 

void answerQueries(int n, Query queries[], int q, 
                              ArrayElement arr[]) 
{ 
    // initialising bit array 
    int bit[n+1]; 
    memset(bit, 0, sizeof(bit)); 

    // sorting the array 
    sort(arr, arr+n, cmp2); 

    // sorting queries 
    sort(queries, queries+q, cmp1); 

    // current index of array 
    int curr = 0; 

    // array to hold answer of each Query 
    int ans[q]; 

    // looping through each Query 
    for (int i=0; i<q; i++) 
    { 
        // traversing the array values till it 
        // is less than equal to Query number 
        while (arr[curr].val <= queries[i].x && curr<n) 
        { 
            // updating the bit array for the array index 
            update(bit, arr[curr].idx+1, 1, n); 
            curr++; 
        } 

        // Answer for each Query will be number of 
        // values less than equal to x upto r minus 
        // number of values less than equal to x 
        // upto l-1 
        ans[queries[i].idx] = query(bit, queries[i].r+1, n) - 
                              query(bit, queries[i].l, n); 
    } 

    // printing answer for each Query 
    for (int i=0 ; i<q; i++) 
        cout << ans[i] << endl; 
} 

// driver function 
int main() 
{ 
    // size of array 
    int n = 4; 

    // initialising array value and index 
    ArrayElement arr[n]; 
    arr[0].val = 2; 
    arr[0].idx = 0; 
    arr[1].val = 3; 
    arr[1].idx = 1; 
    arr[2].val = 4; 
    arr[2].idx = 2; 
    arr[3].val = 5; 
    arr[3].idx = 3; 

    // number of queries 
    int q = 2; 
    Query queries[q]; 
    queries[0].l = 0; 
    queries[0].r = 2; 
    queries[0].x = 2; 
    queries[0].idx = 0; 
    queries[1].l = 0; 
    queries[1].r = 3; 
    queries[1].x = 5; 
    queries[1].idx = 1; 

    answerQueries(n, queries, q, arr); 

    return 0; 
} 

输出:

1
4