如何在 Python 中对 NumPy 中的数组进行归一化?
在本文中,我们将讨论如何使用 NumPy 在 Python 中规范化 1D 和 2D 数组。归一化是指将数组的值缩放到期望的范围。
1D 阵列的归一化
假设,我们有一个数组= [1,2,3],在范围[0,1]内对其进行归一化意味着它会将数组[1,2,3]转换为[0,0.5,1],因为 1,2 和 3 是等距的。
Array [1,2,4] -> [0, 0.3, 1]
这也可以在一个范围内完成,即代替[0,1],我们将使用[3,7]。
现在,
Array [1,2,3] -> [3,5,7]
和
Array [1,2,4] -> [3,4.3,7]
让我们看看代码示例
例 1:
Python 3
# import module
import numpy as np
# explicit function to normalize array
def normalize(arr, t_min, t_max):
norm_arr = []
diff = t_max - t_min
diff_arr = max(arr) - min(arr)
for i in arr:
temp = (((i - min(arr))*diff)/diff_arr) + t_min
norm_arr.append(temp)
return norm_arr
# gives range staring from 1 and ending at 3
array_1d = np.arange(1,4)
range_to_normalize = (0,1)
normalized_array_1d = normalize(array_1d,
range_to_normalize[0],
range_to_normalize[1])
# display original and normalized array
print("Original Array = ",array_1d)
print("Normalized Array = ",normalized_array_1d)
输出:
例 2:
现在,让输入数组是[1,2,4,8,10,15],范围也是[0,1]
Python 3
# import module
import numpy as np
# explicit function to normalize array
def normalize(arr, t_min, t_max):
norm_arr = []
diff = t_max - t_min
diff_arr = max(arr) - min(arr)
for i in arr:
temp = (((i - min(arr))*diff)/diff_arr) + t_min
norm_arr.append(temp)
return norm_arr
# assign array and range
array_1d = [1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15]
range_to_normalize = (0, 1)
normalized_array_1d = normalize(
array_1d, range_to_normalize[0],
range_to_normalize[1])
# display original and normalized array
print("Original Array = ", array_1d)
print("Normalized Array = ", normalized_array_1d)
输出:
2D 阵列的归一化
为了规范化 2D 阵列或矩阵,我们需要 NumPy 库。对于矩阵,一般的归一化是使用欧几里德范数或弗罗贝尼斯范数。
简单归一化的公式是
这里,v 是矩阵,|v|是行列式,也称为欧几里得范数。v-cap 是归一化矩阵。
以下是实现上述功能的一些示例:
例 1:
Python 3
# import module
import numpy as np
# explicit function to normalize array
def normalize_2d(matrix):
norm = np.linalg.norm(matrix)
matrix = matrix/norm # normalized matrix
return matrix
# gives and array staring from -2
# and ending at 13
array = np.arange(16) - 2
# converts 1d array to a matrix
matrix = array.reshape(4, 4)
print("Simple Matrix \n", matrix)
normalized_matrix = normalize_2d(matrix)
print("\nSimple Matrix \n", normalized_matrix)
输出:
例 2:
我们也可以使用其他规范,如 1-规范或 2-规范
Python 3
# import module
import numpy as np
def normalize_2d(matrix):
# Only this is changed to use 2-norm put 2 instead of 1
norm = np.linalg.norm(matrix, 1)
# normalized matrix
matrix = matrix/norm
return matrix
# gives and array staring from -2 and ending at 13
array = np.arange(16) - 2
# converts 1d array to a matrix
matrix = array.reshape(4, 4)
print("Simple Matrix \n", matrix)
normalized_matrix = normalize_2d(matrix)
print("\nSimple Matrix \n", normalized_matrix)
输出:
这样,我们就可以用 python 中的 NumPy 执行规范化。
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