Python–获取最近的前一个工作日
给定一个日期，任务是编写一个 Python 程序来获取给定日期的最近一个工作日。
示例:
输入: test_date = datetime(2020，1，31)
产量: 2020-01-30 00:00:00
说明:【2020 年 1 月 31 日，为周五，最后一个工作日为周四，即 1 月 30 日。
输入: test_date = datetime(2020，2，3)
产量: 2020-01-31 00:00:00
说明:【2020 年 2 月 3 日，为周一，最后一个工作日为周五，即 1 月 31 日。
方法一:使用 时间增量() +工作日()
在这种情况下，我们在星期一执行减去 3 的任务，在星期天执行减去 2 的任务，在所有其他日子执行减去 1 的任务。timedelta()执行减法任务，条件语句检查工作日。
Python 3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of
# Last business day
# using timedelta() + conditional statements + weekday()
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# initializing dates
test_date = datetime(2020, 1, 31)
# printing original date
print("The original date is : " + str(test_date))
# getting difference
diff = 1
if test_date.weekday() == 0:
diff = 3
elif test_date.weekday() == 6:
diff = 2
else :
diff = 1
# subtracting diff
res = test_date - timedelta(days=diff)
# printing result
print("Last business day : " + str(res))
输出:
The original date is : 2020-01-31 00:00:00
Last business day : 2020-01-30 00:00:00
方法二:使用 max() + %运算符+time delta()
以类似的方式执行任务，唯一的区别是计算差异变化的方法，以获得 max()和%运算符。
Python 3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of
# Last business day
# using max() + % operator + timedelta()
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# initializing dates
test_date = datetime(2020, 1, 31)
# printing original date
print("The original date is : " + str(test_date))
# getting difference
# using max() to get differences
diff = max(1, (test_date.weekday() + 6) % 7 - 3)
# subtracting diff
res = test_date - timedelta(days=diff)
# printing result
print("Last business day : " + str(res))
*输出:*
The original date is : 2020-01-31 00:00:00
Last business day : 2020-01-30 00:00:00
*方法 3:使用*PD . tseries . offset . business day(n)
在这种情况下，我们创建一个 1 天的工作日偏移量，并从初始化日期中减去。这将根据需要返回前一个工作日。
Python 3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of
# Last business day
# using pd.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay(n)
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
# initializing dates
test_date = datetime(2020, 2, 3)
# printing original date
print("The original date is : " + str(test_date))
# Creating Timestamp
ts = pd.Timestamp(str(test_date))
# Create an offset of 1 Business days
offset = pd.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay(n=1)
# getting result by subtracting offset
res = test_date - offset
# printing result
print("Last business day : " + str(res))
*输出:*
The original date is : 2020-02-03 00:00:00
Last business day : 2020-01-31 00:00:00
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