Python |不带的 Kivy 中的网格布局。kv 文件
原文:https://www . geesforgeks . org/python-grid-layout-in-kivy-不带-kv-file/
Kivy 是一个独立的平台，因为它可以在安卓、IOS、linux 和视窗等平台上运行。Kivy 为您提供了一次性编写代码并在不同平台上运行的功能。它基本上是用来开发安卓应用程序的，但并不意味着它不能在桌面应用程序上使用。
？？？？？？？？ Kivy 教程–通过示例学习 Kivy。
网格布局:
- 小部件必须放在特定的列/行中。每个子对象都被自动分配一个位置，该位置由布局配置和子对象在子对象列表中的索引决定。
- 网格布局必须始终包含以下任何一个输入约束: 网格布局列或网格布局行。如果不指定列或行，布局将引发异常。
- 网格布局在矩阵中排列子级。它占据了可用的空间，并将其划分为行和列，然后向生成的“单元格”中添加小部件。
- 行和列就像我们在矩阵中观察到的一样，这里我们可以调整每个网格的大小。
- 初始大小由 col_default_width 和 row_default_height 属性给出。我们可以通过设置 col_force_default 或 row_force_default 属性来强制默认大小。这将强制布局忽略子级的宽度和大小提示属性，并使用默认大小。
要使用网格布局，我们需要做的第一件事就是导入它。
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
创建网格布局的基本方法:
1) import kivy
2) import kivyApp
3) import button
4) import Gridlayout
5) Set minimum version(optional)
6) create App class:
- define build function
: add widget (Buttons)
7) return Layout/widget/Class(according to requirement)
8) Run an instance of the class
实现方法– 代码#1: 在下面的示例中，所有小部件都将具有相同的大小。默认情况下，size_hint 为(1，1)，因此 Widget 将采用父代的完整大小:
Python 3
# Sample Python application demonstrating
# How to create GridLayout in Kivy
# import kivy module
import kivy
# base Class of your App inherits from the App class.
# app:always refers to the instance of your application
from kivy.app import App
# creates the button in kivy
# if not imported shows the error
from kivy.uix.button import Button
# The GridLayout arranges children in a matrix.
# It takes the available space and
# divides it into columns and rows,
# then adds widgets to the resulting “cells”.
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
# creating the App class
class Grid_LayoutApp(App):
# to build the application we have to
# return a widget on the build() function.
def build(self):
# adding GridLayouts in App
# Defining number of column
# You can use row as well depends on need
layout = GridLayout(cols = 2)
# 1st row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 1'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 1'))
# 2nd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 2'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 2'))
# 3rd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 3'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 3'))
# 4th row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 4'))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 4'))
# returning the layout
return layout
# creating object of the App class
root = Grid_LayoutApp()
# run the App
root.run()
输出:
现在只需用代码#2 和代码#3 更改上面代码中的类代码，除此之外，所有代码都将与代码#1 相同，并在更改后运行代码，您将获得以下结果。 代码#2: 现在，让我们将 Hello 按钮的大小固定为 100px，而不是使用 size_hint_x=1:
Python 3
# creating the App class
class Grid_LayoutApp(App):
# to build the application we have to
# return a widget on the build() function.
def build(self):
# adding GridLayouts in App
# Defining number of column
# You can use row as well depends on need
layout = GridLayout(cols = 2)
# 1st row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 1', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 1'))
# 2nd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 2', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 2'))
# 3rd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 3', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 3'))
# 4th row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 4', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 4'))
# returning the layout
return layout
输出:
代码#3: 现在，让我们将行高固定为特定大小:
Python 3
# creating the App class
class Grid_LayoutApp(App):
# to build the application we have to
# return a widget on the build() function.
def build(self):
# adding GridLayouts in App
# Defining number of column and size of the buttons i.e height
layout = GridLayout(cols = 2, row_force_default = True,
row_default_height = 30)
# 1st row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 1', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 1'))
# 2nd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 2', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 2'))
# 3rd row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 3', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 3'))
# 4th row
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='Hello 4', size_hint_x = None, width = 100))
layout.add_widget(Button(text ='World 4'))
# returning the layout
return layout
输出:
参考资料:https://kivy . org/doc/stability/API-kivy . uix . grid layout . html
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